Me rangahau te whakamahinga o te waikawa citric i roto i ngā wai-e kia pai ake ai te mārama ki tōna kaha ki te hanga i ngā anhydride kino pea i roto i ngā kohu.
Ka puta noa te waikawa citric i roto i te tinana, ā, "e mōhiotia whānuitia ana he haumaru" i te United States mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā hua rongoā manawa. Heoi, ka puta pea te pirau wera o te waikawa citric i ngā pāmahana whakahaere o ētahi taputapu vaping. I te 175-203°C pea, ka taea e te waikawa citric te pirau hei hanga i te citraconic anhydride me tōna isomeric itaconic anhydride.
He matū whakaoho manawa ēnei anhydride—he matū ka taea e te manawa te whakaputa mate pāwera mai i ngā tohumate o te kirika tarutaru ki te ohorere anaphylactic.
I whakamahia e ngā kaipūtaiao o British American Tobacco te chromatography hau me te time-of-flight mass spectrometry hei tātari i te kohu i puta mai i te wā e whakamahanahia ana te wai-e kei roto te waikawa citric i roto i tētahi taputapu vaping. Ko te taputapu i whakamahia he hikareti hiko o te whakatupuranga tuatahi (pērā i te hikareti). I taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te ine i te nui o te anhydride i roto i te kohu.
I tukuna ngā hua i tēnei rā ki te hui ā-tau a te Rōpū Rangahau Nikotīni me te Tupeka i Florence, Itari.
"Ka taea e te waikawa citric i roto i te wai-e te arahi ki ngā taumata tiketike o te citraconia me/ranei te itaconic anhydride i roto i ngā kohu, i runga i te taputapu," te kī a Tākuta Sandra Costigan, te Tumuaki Toxicologist i Vaping Products.
"Heoi, e whakapono ana mātou ki te whakamahinga tika o ngā kakara, ā, kua whakakorehia ētahi kakara i roto i ā mātou hua."
He tokomaha i roto i te hapori hauora tūmatanui e whakapono ana he nui te kaha o ngā hikareti hiko ki te whakaiti i te pānga o te momi hikareti ki te hauora tūmatanui. Nō nā tata nei i whakaputa ai a Public Health England, te tari whakahaere o te Tari Hauora o te UK, i tētahi pūrongo e kī ana ko te whakamahinga o te hikareti hiko e tata ana ki te 95% te haumaru ake i te momi hikareti. I kī te Royal College of Physicians ka taea e te marea te whakapono he nui ake te haumaru o ngā hikareti hiko i te momi hikareti, ā, me whakatairanga whānuitia hei whakakapi mō ngā hikareti.
Mena ka tūtaki koe ki tētahi hapa tā, ki tētahi hapa rānei, ki tētahi tono rānei kia whakatikahia ngā ihirangi o tēnei whārangi, whakamahia tēnei puka. Mō ngā pātai whānui, whakamahia tā mātou puka whakapā. Mō ngā urupare whānui, whakamahia te wāhanga kōrero a te marea i raro nei (ngā taunakitanga tēnā).
He mea nui rawa atu ō urupare ki a mātou. Heoi, nā te nui o ngā karere, kāore e taea e mātou te kī taurangi ka whakautua takitahitia.
Ka whakamahia tō wāhitau īmēra hei whakamōhio i ngā kaiwhiwhi ko wai te kaituku īmēra. Kāore tō wāhitau, te wāhitau rānei o te kaiwhiwhi e whakamahia mō tētahi atu kaupapa. Ka puta ngā mōhiohio i tāuruhia e koe ki roto i tō īmēra, ā, e kore e rongoatia e Medical Xpress i tētahi āhua.
Whiwhi whakahōutanga ia wiki, ia rā rānei i roto i tō pouakaroto. Ka taea e koe te whakakore i tō ohaurunga i ngā wā katoa, ā, e kore rawa mātou e tohatoha i ō raraunga ki ngā rōpū tuatoru.
Ka whakamahia e tēnei paetukutuku ngā pihikete hei whakahaere i te whakatere, hei tātari i tō whakamahinga o ā mātou ratonga, hei kohikohi raraunga hei whakawhaiaro i ngā pānuitanga, me te whakarato ihirangi mai i ngā rōpū tuatoru. Mā te whakamahi i tā mātou pae, e whakaae ana koe kua pānuihia e koe, kua mārama hoki ki tā mātou Kaupapahere Tūmataiti me ngā Ture Whakamahi.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-12-2023